Effective Methods of Controlling Rats in Settlements In the Kagok Community Health Center Working Area

Deskripsi

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that poses a serious public health challenge in densely populated urban areas. Semarang City, specifically the UPTD Puskesmas Kagok working area, recorded 10 cumulative cases with one mortality (Case Fatality Rate of 10%) in 2025. This fatality rate underscores the urgent need to re-evaluate the effectiveness of current residential rat control methods at the upstream level. Objective: This study aims to formulate effective, safe, and sustainable residential rat control methods through the integration of natural material innovations and the One Health approach. Methods: The research employed a literature review design, conducting a critical synthesis of 13 reputable scientific journal articles published between 2021 and 2025. The analysis focused on environmental dynamics, reservoir populations, community behavior, and vector control innovations. Results: Analysis reveals that rat density in urban Semarang (7.7% trap success) is strongly correlated with poor drainage systems and organic waste accumulation. A significant knowledge-practice gap was identified within the community, triggering a "risk normalization" phenomenon toward environmental hazards and delays in seeking medical assistance. Conventional chemical rodenticides were deemed high-risk for domestic health. As a solution, the "Brotokol" innovation (Brotowali and Jengkol extract) at a 75% concentration proved lethally effective against rats while remaining environmentally